T. Asplund,  Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Integrated Science Services and University of Wisconsin – Madison, Water Chemistry Program

Click here for the publication

"WiMigratory birds may require more protection as their energy needscan easily be disrupted by excessive disturbance"

"In some cases, protection of aquatic resources may require restricting all boat activity, not just speed. Boats can still disturb plants, sediments, and wildlife at no-wake speeds."

"Because PWCs can be operated in shallow water, at high speeds, and in remote areas not usually frequented by boats, disturbance to wildlife may be more of a concern than other types of watercraft. "

"Finally, while PWCs do not generally have propellers, the turbulence produced by thejet propulsion may still disturb plant growth and sediments, especially during acceleration or turns when the thrust may be oriented downward."

"The presence of any watercraft caused birds to fly over the colony. However, personal watercraft caused more birds to flush than did motorboats, particularly early in the nesting season (150-200 birds for PWCs compared to 20-30 for boats)."